Internal-combustion engine



June 17 v I K. J. E. HESSELMAN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Abril Patented June '11, 1924.

UNITED STATES nr'u'r Jonas was new,

or: ssL'rsJo-saomeim, nmn s'rooxnoms,

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m'rnaNAn-conusnorw Enema,

' Application fled April 21, 1922. Serial No. 555,802.

To all whom it my-ao ncem:

Be it known that I, Kmrr JONAS EmAs HESBELMAN, a citizen of the Kingdom of.

, Sweden, residing at Saltsjo-Storangen, near Stockholm, Sweden, have invented'new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following isa specification. Y

It has been pro osed heretofore to improve the mixing 0 the air with the fuel in 7 internal combustion engines by causingthe.

air to perform a rotary movement within the cylinder chamber. p

The object of this invention is'to further 1:5 improve the mixing of the air with the fuel in such engines. To this end means are provided to ensure uniform distribution of the fuel with relation to the air as seen in an axial section of the combustion chamber. In

the preferred embodiment of the invention hereinafter described such means consist in the provision inthe fuel supplying nozzle of outlet openings so positioned as to feed equally large quantities of air with fuel.

26 In the accompanying drawing forming art of this specification so much of one emodiment' of the invention is shown as is deemed sufiicient for understanding this invention. Fig. 1 is an axial sectlon through so the upper portion of the cylinder as well as of the piston of an internal combustion enlgine having fuel suppllying means accordingto this llllVGlllilOlL- ig. 2 18 a diagrammatic plan view of the air inlet. valve taken so on the line II-II in. 1. Fig. 3 is an axial section on a larger scale through the fuel supplying nozzle.

With reference to Fig. 1 the numeral 1 indicates the cylinder and 2 is the piston of so an internal combustion engine. The cylinder cover-3 is shown as formed with a fiat lower surface, said lowersurface, however, may also consist of a comically or otherwise shaped surface of revolution, the

as. axis of revolution of which, coincides vwith the time of the cylinder. The piston head 4 is formed with a concave recess the bottom.

. of which comprises a spherical or other surof revolution the axis of which coincides axis of the cylinder. Wad-VB 5.51s disposed centrally in cylinder cover. The valve ca g is formed with an extension 6 Ego'ectimg owof the 03 or cover and The fuel controlled or controlled by means of the 011 pressure generated by the fuel pump. The alr. supply valve 7 is positioned in close proximity to the circumference of the cylinder chamber and is formed with a shield 8 at one of its sides, as is more clearly shown in- Fi 2, so as to cause the air to enter the cylinder chamber in a tangential direction and, ass. result, perform a rotary movement insaid chamber with: respect to the axis of the cylinder. 'llh'e distributing nozzle 6 is provided with live apertures 8, 9, 10, 11,12 and 8', 9, 10 ,11', 12", respectively, 3 shown at; diametrically opposite sides of the; nozzle. Said apertures,-

while illustratedas lying in the same axial axial planes. -The direction of the apertures, relatively to the ial direction of the cylinder, however, as represented by the dotted line A-A in ig. 3, has been determined in the following way.

Due to the shaping of the. cylinder cover and of the piston head as above described the shape'of the combustion chamber will correspond to a body of revolution the axis of revolution of which corresponds to the axis of the cylinder. This space may be said to be divided into a' plurality of portions of equal capacity by means of conical surfaces having a common apex atthe point 0 (Fig. 3) on the axis of the cylinder and a common-axis coinciding with that of the cylinder. In Fig. 1 said portions are alternatin 1K indicated by vertical and horizonta use and comprise a central conical portion 13 and four surrounding hollow cones 14, 15, 16, 17. The apertures of the portions. The apertures 9 and 9". lie on an ined conical surface dividing the hollow cone 14- in two ual portions, and so on. When the "entering an is rotating about the cylinder axis, the various air quantities filling the imagined conicalspaces 13, 14, 15 1c, 17 of equal capacity-- will beauppliod with equally large fuel quantities which will at the same time be distributed uniformly to'the greatest extent possible within the respective air qi1antities'. In Fig. 1 the various fuel jets are indicated at 1,8, 19, 20, 21,

22 and 18 19, 20, 21', 22, respectively.

It should be noted that, as movement of .the piston is taking place and the combustion chamber is consequently varied, a suitable intermediate position of the piston shouldbe chosen in determining the direction of the fuel outlet apertures according tov the method described.

In the drawing, Fig. 3, the fuel distributing nozzle is shown as provided with two sets of apertures, each set comprising five apertures, and the apertures of each set correspondin to those of the other set asregards' their an lar direction with respect to the longitu inal axis of the fuel valve.

Furthermore, the cross section area of all of the apertures .is assumed to be of the same size. It should be noted, however, that it' is possible't'o vary the number and cross section area of the apertures within the scope of the invention. For instance, the number of apertures having the same angular position relatively to the above said axis may be less or more than two. Similarly, the number of V apertures having different angular position iwill, of course, allow corresponding ing quantities of fuel to pass through them-.

as to the same axis may be less-or more than five.

When the cross section area of the various apertures are of; different size, the apertures selves. In such case the angular position of the apertures should be varied accordingly so as to ensure a uniform distribution of the cylinder, a piston therein, means for introducing air into the cylinder so as to cause said air to perform a rotary movement with in the cylinder, and means for centrally supplying fuel to the cylinder through'a pluralit of openings so directed as to feed equla y large portions of the rotary air with 2. In an internal combustion engine,a cylinder, a piston therein, means for introducing air into the cylinder so as to cause-said air to perform a rotary movement within the cylinder, and means for centrally supplying fuel to the cylinder through a plura ity of openings so directed as to lie on imagined conical surfaces having a common apex'and a common axis and forming different angles with said. axis.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having'a cylinder chamber, a piston in said cylinder, means for introducing air into the cylinder chamber so as to cause'said air to erform a rotary, movement within the sai chamber, and means for' centrally introducing 'fuel into the cylinder chamber through a plurality of openings so directed as to eject the fuel along imagined conical surfaces having a common apex and a common axisandeach dividing one of a corresponding number of e ually large imagined conical portions of t e cylinder chamber right in two.

4;. In a method for operating an internal combustion engine, having means for rotating a mass of air within the cylinder; consisting of centrally introducing the fuel into an imaginary conical surface from the apex thereof, said surface dividing the entire combustion chamber into two equal parts.

5.111 a method for operating an internal combustion engine consisting of centrally introducing fue into the cylinder thereof through a plurality of openings that are so directed as to eject fuel along two or more imaginary conical surfaces from the common apex thereof; said surfaces having a common axis andeach surface dividing one of a corres ending number of conical portions of the cy inder chamber; the fuel introduced by each series of openings being proportionate-to the volume of corresponding air surfaces.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name.

3Q ELIAS HESSEIMAN. 

